https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435098
Landmark
Reference: Koegelenberg CF, Diacon AH. Pleural controversy: close needle pleural biopsy or thoracoscopy-which first? Respirology. 2011;16(5):738-46.
Summary: This article reviews the diagnostic yield of thoracentesis, thoracoscopy and closed pleural biopsy for tuberculosis and malignancy. It also discusses the technical aspects of each of these procedures.
Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20696688
Landmark
Reference: Havelock T, Teoh R, Laws D, Gleeson F. Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65 Suppl 2:ii61-76.
Summary: These guidelines discuss the indications, potential complications and recommendations for pleural fluid aspiration and chest tube insertion. Also provided are explanations regarding the processes for each of these procedures including necessary supplies, technique and patient positioning. In addition, these guidelines provide an overview of thoracic ultrasound techniques as well as the appearance of commonly encountered pathology on ultrasound.
